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C1S and C2S
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Abbreviations for coated one side and coated two sides.
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Calendar Board
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A strong paperboard used for calendars and displays.
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Calender Rolls
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A series of metal rolls at the end of a paper machine; when the paper is passed between these rolls it increases its smoothness and glossy surface.
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Calender
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To make the surface of paper smooth by pressing it between rollers during manufacturing.
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Calibration
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To correct the graduations of color for color input or output devices.
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Caliper
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(1) Thickness of paper or other substrate expressed in thousandths of an inch (mils or points), pages per inch (ppi), thousandths of a millimeter (microns) or pages per centimeter (ppc). (2) Device on a sheetfed press that detects double sheets.
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Camera Ready
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A term given to any copy, artwork etc., that is prepared for photographic reproduction.
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Cap Line
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An imaginary horizontal line running across the tops of capital letters.
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Caps & lower case
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Instructions in the typesetting process that indicate the use of a capital letter to start a sentence and the rest of the letters in lower case.
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Carbonless Paper
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Paper coated with chemicals that enable transfer of images from one sheet to another with pressure from writing or typing.
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Carload
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Selling unit of paper that may weigh anywhere from 20,000 to 100,000 pounds (9,090 to 45, 454 kilos), depending on which mill or merchant uses the term. Abbreviated CL.
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Carton
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Selling unit of paper. Can contain anywhere from 500 to 5,000 sheets, depending on sheet size and basis weight
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Case
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Covers and spine that, as a unit, enclose the pages of a casebound book.
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Case Bind
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To bind signatures using glue to a binder board case covered with fabric, plastic or leather. Also called cloth bind, edition bind, hard bind and hard cover.
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Casing In
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The process of placing in and adhering a book to its case covers.
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Cast-Coated Paper
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High gloss coated paper made by pressing the paper against a polished, hot, metal drum while the coating is still wet.
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Catalog Paper
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Coated paper rated #4 or #5 with basis weight from 35# to 50# (50 to 75 gsm) commonly used for catalogs and magazines.
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Chain Dot
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(1) Alternate term for elliptical dot, so called because midtone dots touch at points, so look like links in a chain. (2) Generic term for any midtone dots whose corners touch.
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Chalking
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Deterioration of a printed image caused by ink that absorbs into paper too fast or has long exposure to sun and winds making printed images look dusty. Also called crocking.
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Check Copy
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Production copy of a publication verified by the customer as printed, finished and bound correctly.
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Choke
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Technique of slightly reducing the size of an image to create a hairline trap or to outline. Also called shrink and skinny.
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Chrome
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Strength of a color as compared to how close it seems to neutral gray. Also called depth, intensity, purity and saturation.
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CMYK
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Abbreviation for cyan, magenta, yellow and key (black), the four process colors.
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Coarse Screen
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Halftone screens with ruling of 65, 85 or 100 lines per inch (26, 34 or 40 lines centimeter).
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Coated Stock
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Paper with an outer layer of coating applied to one or both sides. The coating may be added while the paper is still moving through the papermaking machine, or after it comes off the machine. Coated papers are available in a variety of finishes, like gloss, dull, and matte.
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Cold Color
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Any color that moves toward the blue side in the color spectrum.
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Cold-Set Inks
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A variety of inks that are in solid form originally but are melted in a hot press and then solidified when they contact paper.
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Collate
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To organize printed matter in a specific order as requested.
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Collating Marks
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Mostly in the book arena, specific marks on the back of signatures indicating exact position in the collating stage.
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Colophon
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A printers' or publishers' identifying symbol or emblem.
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Color Balance
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Refers to amounts of process colors that simulate the colors of the original scene or photograph.
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Color Bars
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Term referring to a color test strip that is printed on the waste portion of a press sheet. It is a standardized (GATF-Graphic Arts Technical Foundation) process that allows a pressman to determine the quality of the printed material relative to ink dens
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Color Blanks
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Press sheets printed with photos or illustrations, but without type. Also called shells.
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Color Break
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In multicolor printing, the point, line or space at which one ink color stops and another begins. Also called break for color.
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Color Cast
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Unwanted color affecting an entire image or portion of an image.
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Color Control Bar
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Strip of small blocks of color on a proof or press sheet to help evaluate features such as density and dot gain. Also called color bar, color guide and standard offset color bar.
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Color Correct
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To adjust the relationship among the process colors to achieve desirable colors.
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Color Curves
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Instructions in computer software that allow users to change or correct colors. Also called HLS and HVS tables.
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Color Electronic Prepress System
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Computer, scanner, printer and other hardware and software designed for image assembly, color correction, retouching and output onto proofing materials, film or printing plates. Abbreviated CEPS.
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Color Gamut
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The entire range of hues possible to reproduce using a specific device.
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Color Matching System
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A system of formulated ink colors used for communicating color.
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Color Model
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Way of categorizing and describing the infinite array of colors found in nature.
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Color Separation
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(1) Technique of using a camera, scanner or computer to divide continuous-tone color images into four halftone negatives. (2) The product resulting from color separating and subsequent four-color process printing. Also called separation.
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Color Sequence
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Order in which inks are printed. Also called laydown sequence and rotation.
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Color Shift
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Change in image color resulting from changes in register, ink densities or dot gain during four-color process printing.
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Color Strength
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A term referring to the relative amount of pigmentation in an ink.
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Comb Bind
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To bind by inserting the teeth of a flexible plastic comb through holes punched along the edge of a stack of paper. Also called plastic bind and GBC.
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Commercial Printer
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Printer producing a wide range of products such as announcements, brochures, posters, booklets, stationery, business forms, books and magazines. Also called job printer because each job is different.
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Commercial Register
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Color registration measured within plus or minus one row of dots.
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Composite Proof
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Proof of color separations in position with graphics and type. Also called final proof, imposition proof and stripping proof.
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Condensed Type
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A narrow, elongated typeface.
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Condition
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To keep paper in the pressroom for a few hours or days before printing so that its moisture level and temperature equal that in the pressroom.
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Continuous-Tone Copy
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All photographs and those illustrations having a range of shades not made up of dots, as compared to line copy or halftones. Abbreviated contone.
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Contrast
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The degree of tones in an image ranging from highlight to shadow.
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Converter
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Business that makes products such as boxes, bags, envelopes and displays.
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Copy
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All furnished material or disc used in the production of a printed product.
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Corner Marks
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Marks on a final printed sheet that indicate the trim lines or register indicators.
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Cotton Paper
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Paper with a minimum cotton fiber content of 25%, and a maximum fiber content of 100%. When fiber other than cotton is used, the balance comes from wood pulp. Cotton pulp is made from rags or clippings from textile mills, raw cotton, and cotton linters. Cotton papers are primarily used as writing papers. Also known as Rag Paper
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Cover Stock
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A term describing a general type of paper used for the covers of books, pamphlets etc.
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Coverage
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Extent to which ink covers the surface of a substrate. Ink coverage is expressed as light, medium or heavy.
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Crash
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Coarse cloth embedded in the glue along the spine of a book to increase strength of binding. Also called gauze, mull and scrim.
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Crash Number
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Numbering paper by pressing an image on the first sheet of an NCR set, which is transferred to all parts of the printed set.
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Creep
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Phenomenon of middle pages of a folded signature extending slightly beyond outside pages.
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Crop
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To cut off parts of a picture or image.
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Crop Marks
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Lines near the edges of an image indicating portions to be reproduced. Also called cut marks and tic marks.
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Crossmarks
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Marks of fine lines, which intersect to indicate accurate alignment of art elements.
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Crossover
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Type or art that continues from one page of a book or magazine across the gutter to the opposite page. Also called bridge, gutter bleed and gutter jump.
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Cure
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To dry inks, varnishes or other coatings after printing to ensure good adhesion and prevent setoff.
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Curl
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A term used to describe the differences of either side of a sheet relative to coatings, absorbency etc.; the concave side is the curl side.
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Customer Service Representative
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Employee of a printer, service bureau, separator or other business who coordinates projects and keeps customers informed. Abbreviated CSR.
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Cut Sizes
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Writing or business papers that are cut to a finished size of 8.5"x11", 8.5"x14", or 11"x17". Cut-size papers are usually packed in reams of 500 sheets before leaving the mill.
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Cutting Die
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Usually a custom ordered item to trim specific and unusual sized printing projects.
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Cutting Machine
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A machine that cuts stacks of paper to desired sizes. The machine can also be used in scoring or creasing.
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CWT
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Abbreviation for hundredweight using the Roman numeral C=100.
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Cyan
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One of four process colors. Known as process blue.
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Cylinder Gap
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The gap in the cylinders of a press where the grippers or blanket clamps are housed.
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