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Dampening
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An essential part of the printing process whereby cloth-covered rubber rollers distribute the dampening solution to the plate.
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Dandy Roll
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Wire mesh cylinder over which paper passes early in the paper-making process, when it is still 90% water. It imparts surface textures on the paper such as wove or laid. Also the stage at which the watermark is put onto the paper.
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Data Compression
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Technique of reducing the amount of storage required to hold a digital file to reduce the disk space the file requires and allows it to be processed or transmitted more quickly.
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Deboss
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To press an image into paper so it lies below the surface. Also called tool.
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Deckle Edge
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Edge of paper left ragged as it comes from the papermaking machine instead of being cleanly cut. Also called feather edge.
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Delete
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An instruction given to remove an element from a layout.
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Demy
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A term that describes a standard sized printing paper measuring 17.5 x 22.5 in.
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Densitometer
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An optical device used by printers and photographers to measure and control the density of color.
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Density
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(1) The lay of paper fibers relative to tightness or looseness that affects the bulk, the absorbency and the finish of the paper. (2) The degree of tone, weight of darkness or color within a photo or reproduction; measurable by the densitometer.
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Density Range
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Difference between the darkest and lightest areas of copy. Also called contrast ratio, copy range and tonal range.
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Desktop Publishing
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Technique of using a personal computer to design images and pages, and assemble type and graphics, then using a laser printer or imagesetter to output the assembled pages onto paper, film or printing plate
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Device Independent Colors
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Hules identified by wavelength or by their place in systems such as developed by CIE. 'Device independent' means a color can be described and specified without regard to whether it is reproduced using ink, projected light, photographic chemistry or any other medium
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Die
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An engraved stamp used for impressing an image or design.
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Die Cutting
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A method of using sharp steel ruled stamps or rollers to cut various shapes (i.e. labels, boxes, image shapes) either post press or in line.
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Digital Dot
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Dot created by a computer and printed out by a laser printer or imagesetter. Digital dots are uniform in size, as compared to halftone dots that vary in size.
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Digital Proof
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Color separation data is digitally stored and then exposed to color photographic paper creating a picture of the final product before it is actually printed.
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Digital Proofing
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Page proofs produced through electronic memory transferred onto paper via laser or ink-jet.
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Dimensional Stability
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The qualities of paper to stabilize its original size when undergoing pressure or exposed to moisture.
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Diploma
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A fine paper made specifically for the printing of diplomas, certificates and documents.
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Direct Digital Color Proof
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Color proof made by a laser, ink jet printer or other computer-controlled device without needing to make separation films first. Abbreviated DDCP.
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Direct Digital Printing
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Commercial quality printing where electronic file sources are sent directly to the output device rather than through analog steps such as hard-copy original or film imagesetting.
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Direct-To-Plate Printing
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Process where imaging is sent directly to the plate rather than using an intermediate step such as a film negative.
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Direct Screen Halftone
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A color separation process using a halftone negative made by direct contact with the halftone screen.
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Display Type
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Any type that stands out from the rest of the type on a page that attracts attention of the reader.
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Distribution Rollers
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In the printing process, the rubber coated rollers responsible for the distribution of ink from the fountain to the ink drum.
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Dog Ear
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A letter fold at the side of one of the creases, an indentation occurs.
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Dot
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The smallest individual element of a halftone.
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Dot Gain
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Phenomenon of halftone dots printing larger on paper than they are on films or plates, reducing detail and lowering contrast. Also called dot growth, dot spread, and press gain.
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Dot Size
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Relative size of halftone dots as compared to dots of the screen ruling being used. There is no unit of measurement to express dot size. Dots are too large, too small or correct only in comparison to what the viewer finds attractive.
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Dots-Per-Inch
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Measure of resolution of input devices such as scanners, display devices such as monitors, and output devices such as laser printers, imagesetters and monitors. Abbreviated DPI. Also called dot pitch.
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Double Black Duotone
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Duotone printed from two halftones, one shot for highlights and the other shot for midtones and shadows.
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Double Bump
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To print a single image twice so it has two layers of ink.
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Double Density
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A method of recording electronically (disk, CD, floppy) using a modified frequency to allow more data storage.
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Double Dot Halftone
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Halftone double burned onto one plate from two halftones, one shot for shadow, the second shot for midtones and highlights.
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Doubling
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Printing defect appearing as blurring or shadowing of the image. Doubling be caused by problems with paper, cylinder alignment, blanket or dirty cylinders.
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DPI
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Considered as "dots per square inch," a measure of output resolution in relationship to printers, imagesetters and monitors.
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Drawdown
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Sample of inks specified for a job applied to the substrate specified for a job. Also called pulldown.
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Drier
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A term that describes any additives to ink which accelerates the drying process.
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Drill
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The actual drilling of holes into paper for ring or comb binding.
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Drop Shadow
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A shadow image placed strategically behind an image to create the affect of the image lifting off the page.
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Dropout Halftone
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Halftone in which contrast has been increased by eliminating dots from highlights.
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Dry Back
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Phenomenon of printed ink colors becoming less dense as the ink dries.
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Dry mount
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Pasting with heat sensitive adhesives.
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Dry Trap
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To print over dry ink, as compared to wet trap.
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Dual-Purpose Bond Paper
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Bond paper suitable for printing by either lithography (offset) or xerography (photocopy). Abbreviated DP bond paper.
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Ductor Roller
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The roller between the inking and the dampening rollers.
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Dull Finish
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Flat (not glossy) finish on coated paper; slightly smoother than matte. Also called suede finish, velour finish and velvet finish.
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Dummy
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Simulation of the final product. Also called mockup.
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Duotone
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A halftone picture made up of two printed colors.
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Duplex Paper
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Thick paper made by pasting together two thinner sheets, usually of different colors. Also called double-faced paper and two-tone paper.
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Dye Based Ink
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Any ink that acquires its color by the use of aniline pigments or dyes.
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